Efectos negativos en la investigación y el quehacer médico en Chile de la Ley 20.584 y la Ley de Neuroderechos en discusión: la urgente necesidad de aprender de nuestros errores / Negative effects of the patients' rights law and neuro-rights bill in Chile

Recently, the Chilean Senate approved the main ideas of a constitutional reform and a Neuro-rights bill. This bill aims to protect people from the potential abusive use of "neuro-technologies". Unfortunately, a literal interpretation of this law can produce severe negative effects both in the development of neuroscience research and medical practice in Chile, interfering with current treatments in countless patients suffering from neuropsychiatric diseases. This fear stems from the observation of the negative effects that recent Chilean legislations have produced, which share with the Neuro-Rights Law the attempt to protect vulnerable populations from potential abuse from certain medical interventions. In fact, Law 20,584 promulgated in 2012, instead of protecting the most vulnerable patients "incapacitated to consent", produced enormous, and even possibly irreversible, damage to research in Chile in pathologies that require urgent attention, such as many neuropsychiatric diseases. This article details the effects that Law 20.584 had on research in Chile, how it relates to the Neuro-Rights Law, and the potential negative effects that the latter could have on research and medical practice, if it is not formulated correcting its errors.

Gestión clínica para el manejo apropiado de antibióticos / Clinical management for antimicrobial stewardship

Las enfermedades infecciosas bacterianas con un adecuado diagnóstico y tratamiento apoyado en un apropiado antibiótico, permiten una alta eficacia en la reducción de la morbilidad y mortalidad. Esta situación sitúa los antibióticos como un grupo particular de medicamentos, de amplio uso por los clínicos, desde la medicina general a prácticamente todas las especialidades, y únicos con efectos ecológicos cuya utilización puede contribuir a la selección de cepas resistentes, con la consiguiente diseminación de este atributo. Dado el aumento de la resistencia bacteriana, este artículo busca actualizar el problema, con la finalidad de potenciar la creación de programas de optimización de uso de antibióticos en la red pública de salud de Chile y su implementación a través de la gestión clínica.

Adequate diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment of bacterial infectious diseases is effective in reducing morbidity and mortality. This situation places antibiotics in a special group among drugs widely used by clinicians, unique ecologically whereby use may contribute to the selection and subsequent dissemination of resistant strains. Given the rise of bacterial resistance, this article aims to serve as an update, promoting programs that optimize antibiotic use in Public medical care in Chile, and their implementation through Clinical Management.

Optimización del uso de antibióticos: sugerencias para su implementación / Optimization of antibiotic use: implementation suggestions

Dado el aumento de la resistencia bacteriana y la necesidad de implementar acciones de Control de la Prescripción, este artículo pretende describir experiencias utilizadas en algunos hospitales vinculados a la Universidad de Harvard (Boston, Estados Unidos), con la finalidad de evaluar su utilización en la creación de Programas de Optimización de Uso de Antibióticos en la Red Pública de Salud de Chile y su implementación a través de la Gestión Clínica.

Given the increase in bacterial resistance and the need to implement Prescription Control strategies, this article aims to describe experiences used in a few of the hospitals affilated to Harvard University (Boston, USA), in order to evaluate their use in the creation of Antibiotic Use Optimization Programs for the Chilean Public Health Network, as well their implementation via clinical management.